SCIENCE BOND

One fifth of the Earth's atmosphere is made up of oxygen and is the third most abundant element in the universe by mass. Oxygen is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's biosphere. The high concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere is a result of Earth's oxygen cycle, which is predominantly driven by photosynthesis of plants. Leonardo da Vinci first proposed that air was made up of two gases, one for breathing and one for fueling fire. Joseph Priestly is traditionally credited with discovering oxygen in 1774. Carl Wilhelm Scheele possibly discovered oxygen the year before, but his work was not published until after Priestly's. At normal pressure and temperature, molecules of oxygen bind to form dioxide, or O2, which is present in the atmosphere. It is a member of the chalcogen group on the periodic table and very easily forms compounds with elements except helium or neon. Due to its presence in water, oxygen makes up most of the mass of all li...

Bacteria are alive! They are the simplest form of life known, being made up of only one cell. They occur everywhere - bread, yogurt, dirt, and inside of humans! Bacteria occur in all different shapes and sizes - ball shaped called spheres, rod-shaped, and spiral shaped. Some bacteria live on the inside of animals like cows. These bacteria allow cows (and other animals that eat grass) to digest the material the grass is made of, called cellulose. Humans don't have the right bacteria, and so we can't eat grass! Bacteria that enter human bodies that don't belong there invade human cells, stealing nutrients and releasing poisons. These bacteria can make people sick, can cause skin infections, and are generally very bad for people. There are medications that can kill bacteria, which are called antibiotics. Most sickness (sore throats, runny nose, upset stomach) are caused by viruses, which antibiotics won't do anything against. If the doctor decides an illne...

Tree resin which has been fossilized is known as amber, it sometimes contains plant material or small animals that were trapped inside. More tree facts for kids. Some plants are carnivores, gaining nutrients by eating various small insects and spiders. A well known example of a carnivorous plant is the Venus Flytrap. Bamboo can be a fast growing plant, some types can grow almost a metre (3.28 feet) in just one day! While using energy from sunlight, plants turn carbon dioxide into food in a process called photosynthesis. Around 2000 different types of plants are used by humans to make food. Onions might taste good but they can be painful to chop. A gas is release...

While birds have been flying for millions of years, it's something relatively new to humans and we rely on some important scientific principles to achieve it. Beginning with simple kites, humans have moved on to develop gliders, airships, helicopters, commercial planes and even supersonic flight. Supersonic flight (breaking the sound barrier) is achieved when an object travels at a speed faster than sound (1235kph, 768mph). The Wright Brothers, Orville and Wilbur, were American aviation pioneers who created the first successful airplane, thanks in part to their invention of 3-axis control, enabling the pilot to effectively control the plane. While a number of flight pioneers were working on their own powered flight at the time (including New Zealand's Richard Pearse) the Wright Brothers are widely credited with the first controlled and sustained human flig...

The word dinosaur comes from the Greek language and means ‘terrible lizard’. The word was coined by English paleontologist Richard Owen in 1842 and was meant to refer to Dinosaurs impressive size rather than their scary appearance. Dinosaurs ruled the Earth for over 160 million years, from the Triassic period around 230 million years ago through the Jurassic period and until the end of the Cretaceous period around 65 million years ago. The time period from 250 million years ago until around 65 million years ago is known as the Mesozoic Era. It is often referred to as the Age of the Dinosaurs because most dinosaurs developed and became extinct during this time. It is believed that dinosaurs lived on Earth until around 65 million years ago when a mass extinction occurred. Scientists believe that the event leading to the extinction may have been a massive asteroid impact or huge volcanic activity. Events s...

Born in England, Isaac Newton was a highly influential physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, alchemist and theologian. In 1687, Newton published Philosophae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, what is widely regarded to be one of the important books in the history of science. In it he describes universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, concepts that remained at the forefront of science for centuries after. Newton’s law of universal gravitation describes the gravitational attraction between bodies with mass, the earth and moon for example. Newton’s three laws of motion relate the forces acting on a body to its motion. The first is the law of inertia, it states that ‘every object in motion will stay in motion until acted upon by an outside force’. The second is commonly stated as ‘force equa...